Conducting a thorough and systematic search of a crime scene is a critical component of any forensic investigation. Forensic investigators have several search pattern techniques at their disposal, each with its own advantages and applications depending on the specific characteristics of the scene.

Wheel or Ray Search

     The wheel search pattern is often used in smaller crime scenes. The investigator begins by identifying a central landmark or reference point, then walks in a straight line outward from that point, searching the immediate area in front of them. Once the investigator reaches the edge of the scene, they turn around and walk the same path back to the starting point. This process is repeated, choosing a new reference point each time, until the entire scene has been covered in a circular fashion.
     The wheel search is effective for small, confined areas as it ensures thorough coverage of the immediate vicinity around a central point. It typically requires a single investigator and is well-suited for scenes where evidence may be concentrated in a specific location, such as a gunshot wound or a dropped item.

Spiral Search

     The spiral search pattern is also commonly used in small crime scenes. The investigator begins at the outer edge of the scene and walks in a circular pattern, gradually moving inward toward the center. This method is effective for locating a specific item or point of interest within the scene, as the search narrows in on the central area.
     Like the wheel search, the spiral search can be conducted by a single investigator and is useful when the location of key evidence is unknown but suspected to be in a concentrated area. It is particularly effective for scenes where the item of interest may have been thrown or dropped, as the spiral pattern can help identify the origin point.

Strip or Linear Search

     The strip search pattern is better suited for larger outdoor crime scenes or extensive indoor areas. The investigator begins at one edge of the scene, typically the southeast corner, and walks in a straight line towards the opposite edge, maintaining a consistent parallel path. Once the far edge is reached, the investigator takes a few steps to the side and walks back towards the starting point, creating a series of adjacent "strips" that systematically cover the entire scene.
     The strip search is advantageous when dealing with large areas, as it ensures comprehensive coverage without missing any potential evidence. It typically requires multiple investigators working in coordination to efficiently cover the scene. This method is often used in scenarios such as outdoor homicides, hit-and-run incidents, or large-scale property crimes.

Point-to-Point Search

     The point-to-point search pattern is best suited for small, confined crime scenes where the location of specific pieces of evidence is known or suspected. The investigator begins at the first piece of evidence, processes and collects it, then moves on to the next piece of evidence, repeating the process until all relevant items have been documented and collected.
     This targeted approach is efficient when the investigator has a clear idea of where key evidence is located, such as in cases of a stabbing or a shooting in a small room. It requires a single investigator and is particularly useful when time is of the essence or when the scene is at risk of being contaminated or disturbed.

Zone or Quadrant Search

     The zone search pattern is employed in larger crime scenes that require the involvement of multiple investigators. The scene is divided into quadrants or sections, and each area is assigned to a separate investigator or team. The investigators can then use any of the previously mentioned search patterns (wheel, spiral, strip, or point-to-point) within their designated zones to ensure comprehensive coverage.
     The zone search is advantageous when dealing with expansive scenes, as it allows for the efficient allocation of resources and the simultaneous processing of different areas. This method is commonly used in outdoor scenes, such as fields, wooded areas, or large buildings, where the sheer size of the area would be challenging for a single investigator to cover thoroughly.